Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.

The Hepatitis B Core Antibody Test detects antibodies against the core antigen of Hepatitis B virus, indicating past or current infection.

The test is used to diagnose Hepatitis B infection, assess immune response, and guide further testing.

No special preparation is needed. You can eat and drink normally. Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or recent health issues.

Results are typically available within 1 to 2 days after the test.

A positive result indicates past or current exposure to Hepatitis B virus. It may require further testing to determine the infection stage and appropriate management.

The PTT Test measures the time it takes for blood to clot, assessing the functionality of various clotting factors.

The PTT Test is necessary to diagnose bleeding or clotting disorders, monitor anticoagulant therapy, and evaluate overall clotting function.

No special preparation, such as fasting, is required for the PTT Test. However, inform your doctor about any medications you are taking.

A blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm and analyzed in a laboratory to measure the clotting time.

PTT Test results are usually available within a few hours to 24 hours, depending on the laboratory’s workload.