It measures the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months.

No, fasting is not required for this test.

Results are usually available within a day.

It helps diagnose diabetes, monitor long-term glucose control, and assess the risk of diabetes complications.

Call emergency services immediately and provide first aid if possible. Do not move the patient unless necessary to prevent further injury.

Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.