Spirometry is a lung function test that measures how much air you can inhale and exhale, and how quickly you can do it.

Wear loose clothing, avoid heavy meals or intense exercise before the test, and follow any specific instructions from your doctor.

No, spirometry is non-invasive and painless. You will be asked to breathe into a device, which may feel slightly uncomfortable but is not painful.

The test itself takes about 15-30 minutes. Results are usually available immediately or within a few hours.

The frequency depends on your health conditions and doctor’s recommendations. It may be performed regularly for ongoing monitoring or as needed for diagnosis.

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that affects the liver, caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Individuals at risk of Hepatitis C infection or needing routine screening should undergo this test.

No, the test involves a simple blood draw, which may cause slight discomfort but is generally well-tolerated.

A positive result indicates the presence of antibodies against the Hepatitis C virus, suggesting either current or past infection.

No, additional tests such as HCV RNA PCR may be required to distinguish between acute and chronic infection.

Scarring is minimal with closed rhinoplasty, and open rhinoplasty scars are usually well-hidden in the natural folds of the nose.