Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.

The APPT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) test measures the time it takes for blood to clot, evaluating the functionality of clotting factors in the blood.

It is crucial for diagnosing bleeding disorders, monitoring anticoagulant therapy, and assessing clotting function before surgery.

No special preparation is usually needed. Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking.

Results are generally available within a few hours to 1 day after the test.

The test helps diagnose bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, monitor anticoagulant therapy, and assess clotting function for surgical evaluation.

Trauma surgery involves emergency surgical care to treat severe injuries caused by accidents, violence, or sudden illness.