A high ratio may indicate proteinuria, which can be a sign of kidney damage or disease.

No special preparation is typically required, but it’s important to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking.

A urine sample is collected in a clean container. No fasting or special dietary restrictions are needed.

The test is highly accurate in assessing kidney function and detecting proteinuria when performed correctly.

Abnormal results should be discussed with your healthcare provider, who will recommend further tests or treatment based on your overall health and symptoms.

Types include flexible cystoscopy, rigid cystoscopy, and retrograde cystoscopy, each used 

based on the diagnostic or therapeutic needs.

Recovery time varies; laparoscopic methods typically involve a shorter recovery period compared to abdominal cystectomy, with most patients returning to normal activities within a few weeks.