Patients with early-stage breast cancer, small tumors, or certain benign conditions are often candidates for lumpectomy.

The PSA Total Test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, helping to screen for prostate cancer, monitor existing conditions, and evaluate treatment effectiveness.

Avoid vigorous activities and sexual activity for 48 hours before the test. Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking. No fasting is required.

Elevated PSA levels may suggest prostate inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate cancer. Further tests may be required for a definitive diagnosis.

Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours after the blood sample is collected.

Discuss the results with your healthcare provider to determine the next steps, which may include additional tests or a referral to a specialist for further evaluation.

There are open, laparoscopic, and robotic hernia repair surgeries, each with specific benefits and suited for different types of hernias.