Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, leading to waste buildup in the body.

Common causes include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections.

Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in ankles and feet, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to assess kidney function and damage.

Treatments include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplantation.

Risks may include infection, blood clots, bleeding, nerve damage, and issues related to anesthesia. Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you.

The Prolactin Serum Test measures the level of prolactin hormone in the blood, assessing pituitary gland function and hormonal balance.

It is used to diagnose pituitary disorders, investigate unexplained symptoms, evaluate hormonal imbalances, and monitor treatment for related conditions.

Fasting is not required, but avoid a large meal before the test. Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements.

Results are typically available within 1 to 3 days after the test.

It can help diagnose conditions such as prolactinomas, hormonal imbalances, hypothyroidism, and other endocrine disorders affecting prolactin levels.