Orthopaedic surgeons treat conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This includes fractures, arthritis, sports injuries, and congenital conditions.

Joint replacement surgery involves removing a damaged joint and replacing it with an artificial implant. Common joints replaced include the hip, knee, and shoulder.

Preparing for orthopaedic surgery typically involves pre-operative tests, discussions with your surgeon about the procedure, and instructions on medications, fasting, and arranging post-surgery care at home.

Rehabilitation options include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and specific exercises designed to restore mobility, strength, and functionality to the affected area.

Non-surgical treatments include medications, physical therapy, injections, braces, and lifestyle modifications to manage pain and improve function.

Risks may include infection, blood clots, bleeding, nerve damage, and complications related to anesthesia.

It is a test that detects antibodies against the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to assess immunity to Hepatitis B.

It is recommended after Hepatitis B vaccination, recovery from Hepatitis B, or as part of routine screening.

No special preparation is required. Inform your healthcare provider of any recent vaccinations or Hepatitis B history.

Results are usually available within 24 to 48 hours after the blood sample is collected.

Positive results indicate immunity to Hepatitis B, while negative results may suggest the need for further evaluation or vaccination.