Some discomfort is normal, but pain is generally manageable with medication. Recovery time and pain levels vary based on the surgical approach used.

Symptoms may include confusion, fatigue, weakness, and in severe cases, coma.

Treatment involves reducing ammonia levels through medications and dietary changes.

Yes, certain medications, especially those metabolised by the liver, can influence ammonia levels.

Liver disease, kidney dysfunction, and urea cycle disorders can impact ammonia metabolism.

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Recovery includes managing pain, following nasal care instructions, and attending follow-up appointments. Most patients experience improved breathing within a few weeks.