The duration of the surgery varies depending on the complexity of the procedure and the extent of the cancer, typically ranging from 2 to 6 hours.

Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.

A Stress Test evaluates the heart’s response to physical exertion or medication, helping diagnose heart disease and assess heart function.

Wear comfortable clothing and appropriate exercise footwear, avoid heavy meals before the test, and inform your healthcare provider about any medications.

You will exercise on a treadmill or bike while your heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG are monitored. If you are unable to exercise, medication may be used to simulate exercise.

The test is generally safe, but it may cause temporary symptoms such as dizziness or shortness of breath. Inform your healthcare provider of any concerns before the test.

Results are usually available within a day or two. A preliminary assessment may be provided immediately after the test, with a detailed report following shortly.