Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

They can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, animal, insect bites, or contaminated food and water.

Symptoms vary but often include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, cough, and digestive issues.

Diagnosis involves physical examinations, medical history review, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, cultures, and imaging.

Treatments may include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiparasitics, and supportive care depending on the type of infection.

Diagnosis usually includes MRI or CT scans and may involve a biopsy to determine the nature and type of the tumor.

Candidates include individuals with ureteral stones, strictures, tumors, or recurrent urinary tract infections that require direct intervention.