Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.

Lumpectomy preserves more of the breast tissue, while mastectomy involves removing the entire breast. Both have similar long-term survival rates for early-stage breast cancer.

It helps assess kidney function and diagnose conditions like kidney disease and dehydration.

Typically, fasting is not necessary, but inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements.

It provides crucial information about kidney health, aiding in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of kidney-related conditions.

Results are usually available within a day, allowing for timely medical decisions based on kidney function assessment.