An AV fistula is a surgical connection between an artery and a vein, typically in the arm, used for hemodialysis.

Symptoms may include muscle weakness, spasms, arrhythmias, and changes in mood.

Yes, consuming foods rich in magnesium, such as nuts, seeds, and leafy greens, can help maintain adequate levels.

Supplementation is based on test results and individual health needs, monitored by healthcare providers.

Causes include kidney disease, excessive magnesium intake, or certain medications.

Frequency depends on initial results and medical conditions; consult with your healthcare provider.

Surgery may be necessary to address conditions like adrenal tumors, hyperaldosteronism, or Cushing’s syndrome that affect adrenal gland function.