Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.

HB Electrophoresis is a diagnostic test that separates and identifies different types of hemoglobin in the blood to diagnose hemoglobin disorders.

This test is used to diagnose conditions like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, monitor disease progression, and screen for hemoglobin disorders.

No special preparation is needed. You can eat and drink normally, but inform your healthcare provider about any medications or health conditions.

Results are typically available within 2 to 3 days after the test.

The results provide information on the different types of hemoglobin present and their quantities, helping to diagnose and manage hemoglobin disorders and genetic conditions.

High CPK levels can indicate muscle or tissue damage, such as from a heart attack, muscle disease, or brain injury.

No, fasting is generally not required for the CPK Total Test.

Intense exercise or physical activity shortly before the test may temporarily elevate CPK levels.

The frequency of testing depends on the condition being monitored and your healthcare provider’s recommendations.

Abnormal CPK Total Test results may require further evaluation to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.