Open surgery involves a single large incision, laparoscopic uses small incisions and a camera, and robotic-assisted surgery offers enhanced precision with robotic instruments.

A 2D Echo (Two-Dimensional Echocardiogram) is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing specialists to assess its structure and function.

A 2D Echo is performed to diagnose and monitor heart conditions, evaluate heart function, and detect abnormalities in the heart’s structure.

Individuals experiencing symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats, or those with a history of heart disease, should consider a 2D Echo.

A 2D Echo uses ultrasound waves to produce images of the heart. A transducer is placed on the chest, emitting sound waves that bounce off the heart structures and create detailed images.

Yes, a 2D Echo is a safe and painless procedure with no known risks or side effects.

A positive result suggests recent infection with Leptospira bacteria, indicating acute leptospirosis.

Yes, the test detects IgM antibodies present in the early phase of infection, helping to diagnose acute leptospirosis.

No, IgM antibodies decline over time. Additional tests may be needed to confirm chronic infection.

No specific precautions are necessary. Follow any instructions provided by your healthcare provider based on your results.

Consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation, as additional tests or clinical assessment may be necessary.