Symptoms may include confusion, fatigue, weakness, and in severe cases, coma.

Treatment involves reducing ammonia levels through medications and dietary changes.

Yes, certain medications, especially those metabolised by the liver, can influence ammonia levels.

Liver disease, kidney dysfunction, and urea cycle disorders can impact ammonia metabolism.

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

A craniotomy may be needed to treat brain tumors, aneurysms, epilepsy, or vascular malformations when other treatments are not effective.

It is recommended for conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, fractures, and spondylolisthesis that cause pain or instability.