A craniotomy may be needed to treat brain tumors, aneurysms, epilepsy, or vascular malformations when other treatments are not effective.

Vascular surgery focuses on treating diseases of the blood vessels, including arteries and veins.

Vascular surgery addresses conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), varicose veins, aneurysms, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Symptoms can include leg pain, swelling, skin changes, numbness, and difficulty walking.

Treatments include sclerotherapy, laser therapy, and minimally invasive procedures like endovenous ablation.

Yes, vascular surgery is generally safe, with risks varying by procedure and patient health.

It helps diagnose kidney diseases and assesses overall kidney function.

Typically, fasting is not necessary, but inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements.

It provides crucial information about kidney health, aiding in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of kidney diseases.

Results are usually available within a day, allowing for timely medical decisions based on kidney function assessment.