Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and the male reproductive system (prostate, testicles, penis).

These can include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, difficulty emptying the bladder, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and lower back pain.

Risk factors include age, family history, lifestyle habits (smoking), and certain medical conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure).

Maintain a healthy weight, drink plenty of fluids, avoid smoking, and eat a balanced diet.

Tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, blood tests, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan), and urodynamic testing.

It can detect urinary tract infections, kidney disorders, diabetes-related issues, and other conditions affecting the urinary system.

No, fasting is not usually required. Follow the healthcare provider’s instructions for urine sample collection.

Patients collect a midstream urine sample in a clean container provided by the laboratory or hospital.

Further tests or investigations may be recommended based on the findings to confirm a diagnosis and plan treatment.

Yes, it can detect crystals or abnormal pH levels in urine that may indicate the presence of kidney stones.

A comprehensive eye exam includes tests to check vision clarity, eye muscle function, and overall eye health, helping detect issues like refractive errors, glaucoma, and cataracts early.

Adults should have an eye exam every 1-2 years, or as recommended by their eye doctor based on age, risk factors, and existing eye conditions.

Symptoms include blurry vision, glare, halos around lights, and reduced color perception, which can worsen over time.

LASIK and PRK are common surgeries to correct vision by reshaping the cornea. Other procedures include LASEK and SMILE.

Children should have their first eye exam between 6 months and 1 year of age, then at ages 3 and 5, and every 1-2 years thereafter.