It measures the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months.

No, fasting is not required for this test.

Results are usually available within a day.

It helps diagnose diabetes, monitor long-term glucose control, and assess the risk of diabetes complications.

Vascular surgery focuses on treating diseases of the blood vessels, including arteries and veins.

Vascular surgery addresses conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), varicose veins, aneurysms, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Symptoms can include leg pain, swelling, skin changes, numbness, and difficulty walking.

Treatments include sclerotherapy, laser therapy, and minimally invasive procedures like endovenous ablation.

Yes, vascular surgery is generally safe, with risks varying by procedure and patient health.

Minimally invasive endocrine surgery involves using small incisions and advanced tools to treat disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal glands with reduced recovery time and scarring.