Spirometry is a lung function test that measures how much air you can inhale and exhale, and how quickly you can do it.

Wear loose clothing, avoid heavy meals or intense exercise before the test, and follow any specific instructions from your doctor.

No, spirometry is non-invasive and painless. You will be asked to breathe into a device, which may feel slightly uncomfortable but is not painful.

The test itself takes about 15-30 minutes. Results are usually available immediately or within a few hours.

The frequency depends on your health conditions and doctor’s recommendations. It may be performed regularly for ongoing monitoring or as needed for diagnosis.

Sonography, or ultrasound, is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs and tissues.

Preparation varies by the type of ultrasound. For some, you may need to drink water and avoid eating beforehand. Follow the specific instructions given.

Yes, sonography is a safe, non-invasive procedure that does not use radiation. It is commonly used in various medical evaluations.

Sonography is considered very safe with no known risks. It does not involve radiation and is widely used for many diagnostic purposes.

Yes, sonography is commonly used during pregnancy for monitoring fetal development and health. It is a standard and safe practice.

A blood sample is collected from a vein in your arm and then analyzed.

Yes, it can detect elevated blood sugar levels, which may indicate diabetes.

No, this test can be done at any time of the day without fasting.

High levels may suggest diabetes or another metabolic disorder.

Results are usually available on the same day of testing.