A cochlear implant is an electronic device that provides a sense of sound by bypassing damaged parts of the inner ear and directly stimulating the auditory nerve.

Vascular surgery focuses on treating diseases of the blood vessels, including arteries and veins.

Vascular surgery addresses conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), varicose veins, aneurysms, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Symptoms can include leg pain, swelling, skin changes, numbness, and difficulty walking.

Treatments include sclerotherapy, laser therapy, and minimally invasive procedures like endovenous ablation.

Yes, vascular surgery is generally safe, with risks varying by procedure and patient health.

Surgery may be necessary to address conditions like adrenal tumors, hyperaldosteronism, or Cushing’s syndrome that affect adrenal gland function.