Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

They can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, animal, insect bites, or contaminated food and water.

Symptoms vary but often include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, cough, and digestive issues.

Diagnosis involves physical examinations, medical history review, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, cultures, and imaging.

Treatments may include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiparasitics, and supportive care depending on the type of infection.

Benefits include smaller incisions, less pain, reduced scarring, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery.

Minimally invasive endocrine surgery involves using small incisions and advanced tools to treat disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal glands with reduced recovery time and scarring.