If you have persistent joint pain, swelling, or instability that does not respond to conservative treatments, arthroscopy may be recommended.

There are open appendectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy, with laparoscopic being minimally invasive and often preferred for quicker recovery.

Vascular surgery focuses on treating diseases of the blood vessels, including arteries and veins.

Vascular surgery addresses conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), varicose veins, aneurysms, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Symptoms can include leg pain, swelling, skin changes, numbness, and difficulty walking.

Treatments include sclerotherapy, laser therapy, and minimally invasive procedures like endovenous ablation.

Yes, vascular surgery is generally safe, with risks varying by procedure and patient health.