It is recommended for conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, fractures, and spondylolisthesis that cause pain or instability.

Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, leading to waste buildup in the body.

Common causes include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections.

Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in ankles and feet, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to assess kidney function and damage.

Treatments include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplantation.

Recovery usually takes 1-2 weeks. During this time, patients should rest, follow post-operative care instructions, and avoid strenuous activities.