Conditions such as thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, parathyroid adenomas, and adrenal tumors can be treated using minimally invasive techniques.

Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, leading to waste buildup in the body.

Common causes include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections.

Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in ankles and feet, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to assess kidney function and damage.

Treatments include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplantation.

A Urine Pregnancy Test (UPT) detects the presence of the hormone hCG in a woman’s urine to confirm pregnancy.

You can take a UPT if you have missed your period or are experiencing early pregnancy symptoms.

The UPT is highly accurate when performed correctly and can detect pregnancy within a few days of a missed period.

The test involves collecting a urine sample and using a test strip or device to detect hCG levels.

If your UPT result is positive, contact your healthcare provider to discuss the next steps and begin prenatal care.