Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, leading to waste buildup in the body.

Common causes include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections.

Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in ankles and feet, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to assess kidney function and damage.

Treatments include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplantation.

If you have persistent joint pain, swelling, or instability that does not respond to conservative treatments, arthroscopy may be recommended.

The ABG Test measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood to evaluate lung function and acid-base balance.

A blood sample is collected from an artery, typically in the wrist or arm, using a needle.

No special preparation is required, but avoid smoking or strenuous exercise before the test. Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking.

Results are usually available within a few hours of the test, allowing for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Discuss any abnormal results with your healthcare provider for appropriate interpretation and to determine the next steps for treatment or further testing.