Protein S is a protein that helps regulate blood clotting by assisting in the deactivation of clotting factors and promoting the breakdown of clots. Its proper function is crucial for preventing abnormal clot formation and related disorders.

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The sample is then analyzed to measure Protein S levels and activity.

No fasting or special preparation is required before the test. You can eat and drink as usual.

Results are typically available within a few hours to 1-2 days, depending on the laboratory’s processing time.

If your results are abnormal, your healthcare provider will discuss them with you and may recommend additional tests or adjustments to your treatment plan based on your specific condition.

Yes, follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor healing, manage any complications, and assess the results of the reconstruction.

Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, leading to waste buildup in the body.

Common causes include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections.

Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in ankles and feet, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a kidney biopsy to assess kidney function and damage.

Treatments include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplantation.