Candidates include individuals with ureteral stones, strictures, tumors, or recurrent urinary tract infections that require direct intervention.

Spirometry is a lung function test that measures how much air you can inhale and exhale, and how quickly you can do it.

Wear loose clothing, avoid heavy meals or intense exercise before the test, and follow any specific instructions from your doctor.

No, spirometry is non-invasive and painless. You will be asked to breathe into a device, which may feel slightly uncomfortable but is not painful.

The test itself takes about 15-30 minutes. Results are usually available immediately or within a few hours.

The frequency depends on your health conditions and doctor’s recommendations. It may be performed regularly for ongoing monitoring or as needed for diagnosis.

The Anti-dsDNA Antibody Test detects antibodies against double-stranded DNA, which are commonly associated with autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

This test is used to diagnose SLE, monitor disease activity, assess treatment response, and differentiate between autoimmune diseases.

No special preparation is needed. You can eat and drink normally. Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or health conditions.

Results are typically available within 1 to 2 days after the test.

A positive result suggests the presence of antibodies associated with autoimmune activity, particularly in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Further evaluation is often required to confirm the diagnosis and assess disease activity.